![]() ![]() Many fungal infections develop in the upper layers of the skin, and some progress to the deeper layers. There are approximately 5.1 million species of fungus. The structure of a fungus is usually long and cylindrical, with small filaments branching from the main body. However, some types, such as yeasts, are single celled.įungi almost always reproduce by spreading single celled spores. Fungal infectionsĪ fungus is often a multicellular parasite that can decompose and absorb organic matter using an enzyme. However, some strains become resistant and can survive the treatment. upper respiratory tract infection (although this is usually viral)Ī doctor can treat bacterial infections with antibiotics.Some examples of bacterial infections are: However, some bacterial diseases can be deadly. Some “good” bacteria attack “bad” bacteria and prevent them from causing sickness. Some of them live inside the human body, such as in the gut or airways, without causing harm. There are trillions of strains of bacteria, and few cause diseases in humans. If the coil of a spirillum is particularly tight, scientists call it a spirochete.īacteria can live in almost any type of environment, from extreme heat to intense cold, and some can even survive in radioactive waste. Spiral: Coiled bacteria are known as spirilla.Rod-shaped: These have the name bacilli.Much of the Earth’s biomass comprises bacteria. Bacterial infectionsīacteria are single-celled microorganisms, also known as prokaryotes.Įxperts estimate that there are at least 1 nonillion bacteria on Earth. Most treatment aims to relieve symptoms while the immune system combats the virus without assistance from medication. These drugs will not stop the virus, and their use increases the risk of antibiotic resistance. They can either prevent the virus from reproducing or boost the host’s immune system to counter the effects of the virus.Īntibiotics are not effective against viruses. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV)Īntiviral medications can help relieve the symptoms of some viruses while the disease passes.influenza (flu), including H1N1 swine flu.COVID-19, a respiratory disease that develops after a novel coronavirus infection that is currently causing a global pandemic.gastroenteritis, which norovirus causes.warts and skin infections, for which HPV and HSV are responsible.encephalitis and meningitis, resulting from enteroviruses and the herpes simplex virus (HSV), as well as West Nile Virus.the common cold, which mainly occurs due to rhinovirus, coronavirus, and adenovirus.The person with the virus can appear to have fully recovered, but they may get sick again when the virus reactivates. Viruses may remain dormant for a period before multiplying again. Some viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can lead to cancer by forcing cells to replicate in an uncontrolled way.Ī virus can also target certain age groups, such as infants or young children. Some of them change the function of the cell. Not all viruses destroy their host cell, however. When the cell dies, it releases new viruses, which infect new cells. This material forces the cell to replicate the virus, and the virus multiplies. As they enter the cell, they release their genetic material. Viruses invade a host and attach themselves to a cell. Viruses contain a small piece of genetic code, and a coat of protein and lipid (fat) molecules protects them. ![]() Millions of different viruses may exist, but researchers have only identified about 5,000 types to date. Viral infections occur due to infection with a virus. This article will focus on the most common and deadly types of infection: bacterial, viral, fungal, and prion. Treatment will depend on the cause of the infection. They enter a host and take over cells, whereas bacteria can survive without a host. They vary in several ways, including:įor example, viruses are smaller than bacteria. Infection can spread in a variety of ways.īacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are different types of pathogens. Some pathogens are resistant to treatment. This variation means that some infections are mild and barely noticeable, while others can be severe and life threatening. Others produce toxins or inflammatory substances that trigger negative responses from the body. Some pathogens have little effect at all. At this stage, an infection becomes harmful. However, pathogens may sometimes overwhelm the immune system’s ability to fight them off. The immune system is an effective barrier against infectious agents. How an infection spreads and its effects on the human body depend on the type of pathogen. Share on Pinterest The common cold is a type of viral infection. ![]()
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